Read the excerpt from "the enigma machine.”
cryptologists looked for cribs, which are repeated expressions in messages. sloppy operators would repeat phrases like "nothing to report" or "weather forecast" (wettervorhersage), which served as clues. if there were no cribs to be found, the british would send out false information about, say, british mines planted in a given area. the germans might then send messages with the name of that area, which would provide clues about deciphering that code.
which is the meaning of the word cryptologists?
a)people who study weapons
b)people who study codes
c)people who study marine life
d)people who study ships

Answer :

Collins English Dictionary defines "cryptology" as "the study of secret codes or ciphers and the devices used to create and decipher them ."

So, a person who studies cryptology is a cryptologist.

B) In the given excerpt from "The Enigma Machine,”  the meaning of the word cryptologists is  people who study codes.

The passage talks about deciphering repeated phrases like "nothing to report" or "weather forecast," sending false information through messages in order to gain more information from the Germans and cracking codes. All this hints that cryptologists are people who study codes.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

is that the whole question?