Read this excerpt from "edward jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination.”
after introducing cowpox inoculation in their own districts, many recipients passed the vaccine on to others. dr. john haygarth (of bath, somerset) received the vaccine from edward jenner in 1800 and sent some of the material to benjamin waterhouse, professor of physics at harvard university. waterhouse introduced vaccination in new england and then persuaded thomas jefferson to try it in virginia.
which central claim may be inferred from this excerpt?
many people attempted to discover a vaccine.
thomas jefferson spread the vaccine across the country.
many people worked together to spread the idea of the vaccine.
jenner selected specific patients who would benefit from the vaccine

The answer is:  Many people (many recipieents) worked together to spread the idea of the vaccine.

Explanation:

The central claim may be inferred from the introductory senence which  states that After introducing cowpox inoculation in their own districts, many recipients passed the vaccine on to others.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)