Which option below is an example of the author's use of logos in "lifeboat ethics: the case against the poor"?
a. the author provides the population rates of the united states and several other countries.
b. the author quotes people who are authorities on the topic of famine relief and hunger.
c. the author divides people into categories of "us" and "them," a tactic to scare the audience.
d. the author references several historical and literary figures, adding to his credibility.

the illustration   that would give a reader a clear understanding of the text is a picture of men constructing the frame of a building.the frame is made of iron bars. the text describes the job of blacksmiths'. these were very organised and they had different names: "the driver" and "the heater". the text describes the way in which these men worked ; they worked iron pieces as if they were playing a sport. in fact, the text wants to show the men's skills. the text also puts some emphasis on the use of '' rivets'' in construction. this kind of nails were not always used in the construction of manhattan.

some examples:

"and with an underhand toss he hurled the smoking rivet straight at the catcher, who caught it in mid-air in his catching can." men's skills

"when the driver was ready for a new " the emphasis on the rivet ( special nail used in construction).

" it against a beam to remove any cinders, and jammed it into the waiting hole. " the emphasis on the rivet.