The girl to be known as phillis wheatley was taken
a. captive aboard a slave ship in america and sold in ney york
b. aboard a slave ship in africa and sold in north carolina
c. captive aboard a slave ship in africa and sold in boston
d. captive aboard a ship in america and sold in boston

ismene wants to follow the rules, unlike antigone who'd rather break them for her brother.

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).