In the following passage from great astronomers by robert stewall ball, the author states that he will trace the developments in astronomy from the time of ptolemy to the nineteenth century. based on the content and style of the excerpt, what kind of audience did ball primarily have in mind when he was writing this book?
the history of astronomy thus becomes inseparable from the history of the great men to whose labours its development is due. in the ensuing chapters we have endeavoured to sketch the lives and the work of the great philosophers, by whose labours the science of astronomy has been created. we shall commence with ptolemy, who, after the foundations of the science had been laid by hipparchus, gave to astronomy the form in which it was taught throughout the middle ages. we shall next see the mighty revolution in our conceptions of the universe which are associated with the name of copernicus. we then pass to those periods illumined by the genius of galileo and newton, and afterwards we shall trace the careers of other more recent discoverers, by whose industry and genius the boundaries of human knowledge have been so greatly extended. our history will be brought down late enough to include some of the illustrious astronomers who laboured in the generation which has just passed away.

a. students specializing in the study of astronomy

b. people with a casual interest in astronomy

c. scientists and mathematicians working with astronomers

d. geologists and cartographers

Which part of the story shows how kiara and tanya's differences affect their friendship? kiara and tanya were the best of friends. when they were 10 years old, they always went everywhere together. all their friends knew that if they found one of them, they would find the other. anyone who didn't know them thought that they were twins because both kiara and tanya had long, silky red hair and pale complexions. they were even similar in height and build. they were more like sisters than friends. but as similar as they were in appearance, they were just as different when it came to their personalities. this difference didn't affect their friendship, at least not for a long time. kiara always got out and participated in activities and competitions. tanya was happiest when reading a book at home. kiara was outgoing and talkative. tanya was quiet and shy. kiara was popular, and people were drawn to her because of her ability to make quick friends. tanya hardly had any friends besides kiara. as they grew older, kiara managed to make a large group of friends. tanya, on the other hand, still remained shy and reserved. this difference in their personalities eventually caused a rift between the two friends. tanya would refuse invitations to parties and movies that kiara invited her to. she just didn't want to hang out with people she didn't know that well. kiara couldn't understand why. she thought tanya disliked her friends. eventually, kiara and tanya both realized that they had outgrown one another. they still remained friends, but they were not as close as they once had been.