Read the excerpt from "Benin Plaque: The Oba with Europeans.” These were enormous and belief-shattering ideas for many people in the nineteenth century, but time was also changing in a much more day-to-day, or rather hour-to-hour, way. Thanks to clockmakers like Earnshaw, precise and reliable clocks and watches became ever more affordable. Before long the whole of Britain was running by the clock, and the measurement of time had been severed from the natural cycle of days and seasons. The clock ruled every aspect of life – shops and schools, pleasure and work. As Charles Dickens wrote, ‘There was even railway time observed in clocks, as if the sun itself had given in.’

Which central idea is best supported by the details in the excerpt?

The invention of affordable timepieces led many to become clockmakers.
People in Britain began wearing watches as a fashion accessory.
As more people began to own clocks, society embraced standardized time.
Many people in Britain voiced a preference for the natural cycle of days.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

bearing in mind that painting during the 1700s was a medium used by the artists at courts in order to depict the kings or queens' portraits as well as their power and influence, the painting of king louis xiv as shown in sugar changed the world supports this claim. in this painting it is possible to observe three examples of wealth, power, and influence.

the king is wearing elaborate clothing made of fancy materials.

the king has a sword and sits next to a helmet.

the king sits next to a crown, which symbolizes his power.

wearing expensive clothes, carrying a sword and posing next to a crown are symbols of wealth, power and influence which clearly represent the importance of monarchy during those times.

a)   it explains that many people died because medicines and medical practices were not effective.