Help pllls

Which group or words is not a phrase? a.) leaving behind the dog b.) because she smiled at me c.) smashing into a fence d.) before the first test e.) pushing the sofa

Which of the following sentences most clearly uses topical organization? a. do you have problems with mosquitoes and gnats? fabulous exterminators can ! b. we've gathered at this conference to discuss three things: poverty, war, and disease. c. killer bees have spread up from south america into mexico and the united states. d. first, gather all the painting supplies you need. next, lay them out on a work bench.

They always say that juvenile delinquency is a problem. a.)them b.)everyone c.)a noun