Help select one please

What do mcmahon’s references to thomas carlyle and john stuart mill do for his own image and credibility?

Seven pleiades entranced in heaven, form in the deep another seven: endymion nodding from above sees in the sea a second love. how do the ideas in the excerpt compare to poe’s ideas in "the poetic principle"? this celebration of love offers the “lessons of truth” that poe encourages. this scientific reference relates to the “precepts of duty” that poe praises. this reflection of the night sky offers a “contemplation of the beautiful” that poe encourages. this image of heaven encourages the “incitements of passion” that poe praises.

How does this excerpt develop the central idea that espionage during the civil war was often carried out by untrained citizens? it enhances the reader’s understanding by explaining why training was unnecessary. it changes the reader’s perception of what information a spy was able to obtain. it explains an ordinary person’s motivation for conducting espionage against the enemy. it adds moral complexity to espionage, due to the use of secret and dangerous methods.