What’s the literary theory "Let me reduce my argument to the hopelessly simplistic: poems, I am
saying are neither about 'subjects'
nor about 'themselves'. They are
necessarily about other poems, a
poem is a response to a poem, as a
poet is a response to a poet, or a
person to his parent. Trying to write
a poem takes the poet back to the
origins of what a poem first was for
him, and so takes the poet back
beyond the pleasure principle to the
decisive initial encounter and
response that began in him”

Read these excerpts. lincoln's "gettysburg address." it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. whitman's "o captain! my captain! ". exult, o shores, and ring, o bells! but i, with mournful tread, walk the deck my captain lies, fallen cold and dead. which rhetorical appeal do both excerpts use? logos: the use of logic to convince the audience pathos: the use of emotional appeals to affect the audience’s feelings brevity: writing or speaking that is short, brief, and to the point ethos: the use of authority to persuade the audience to act the right way