Why does the author believe the cultural perception of courage should change

Hello. You did not provide the text to which this question refers, which makes it impossible for it to be answered accurately. However, I will help you in the best possible way.

Culture of Courage is the term that refers to people's ability to face challenges and feel safe to take risks. Although this is a very beautiful and important concept in our society, many authors criticize this idea, stating that Culture of Courage should have its concept modified, as it encourages people to act without planning, analysis and reasoning, creating situations that are resolved by momentum and that can cause harm to everyone involved.

a,b,d are the three sentences that use a reflexive pronoun

i think it's either 'to expose the corruption of the communists in russia', or 'to criticize animal brutality by communists in russia.'  

hope this ! : )