Read the excerpt from Dr. Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” The other force is one of bitterness and hatred, and it comes perilously close to advocating violence. It is expressed in the various black nationalist groups that are springing up across the nation.

Why does the author include these sentences?
to predict the future of his group’s actions
to recall the harsh actions of law enforcement
to encourage understanding of black nationalists
to provide a contrast to his group’s nonviolent efforts

Read the sample student paragraph that addresses a counterclaim. some claim that the internet both invades and compromises one’s right to privacy. however, this is ridiculous. the internet is only as invasive as one allows it to be, particularly since there are laws to protect people’s privacy. exercising caution when supplying personal information online is the most vital step in protecting one’s privacy. any information you do not feel comfortable sharing online should not be shared, and sensitive information should only be provided to trusted organizations. additionally, some states have already enacted privacy laws that model the federal privacy act of 1974, ensuring that information collected for one purpose may not be used—or sold—for other purposes without first notifying the individual to whom the data belongs. the first and most important protector of an individual’s information is that individual. people whose personal information is not properly protected only have themselves to blame. what evidence weakens the counterclaim in this paragraph? the internet is only as invasive as one allows it to be. exercising caution is the best way to protect one’s privacy online. some states have already enacted online privacy laws. it is the individual’s fault when personal information is unprotected.