¨click the underlined phrase in the paragraph in which the author uses a literary device that involves a part to represent a whole¨.

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).

the statement that best explains why the tenth amendment reserves some rights and powers to states is that the framers believed in the principle of federalism. this principle says that some powers are in the hands of a centralized national government, while others are reserved for the governments of several states.

the students want to see the great sphinx of giza, which is very popular with tourists.

the central idea is basically saying that juveniles that have committed a crime will not have the same consequences as the   adults that have. they will have a softer punishment than what the adults have that is harsh in some ways.