Which underlined phrases are gerund phrases?

A gerund is a noun formed with a verb ending in -ing.

A gerund phrase always start with gerunds, includes modifiers and often include other objects. In addition, a gerund phrase always functions as a noun, and are always subjects, objects, or subject complements in sentences.

For example,

A healthy lifestyle requires getting regular exercise.

Watching too much television may contribute to depression.  

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as for symbolic actions, the narrator's tearing down the wallpaper in an attempt to find the "woman" in the wallpaper represents her struggle to retain or regain her sanity.   the wallpaper has been part of her confinement and by her tearing it down, she is freeing herself from that confinement.

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explanation: