Read this excerpt from Holes. The shovel felt heavy in Stanley’s soft, fleshy hands. He tried to jam it into the earth, but the blade banged against the ground and bounced off without making a dent. The vibrations ran up the shaft of the shovel and into Stanley’s wrists, making his bones rattle.

It was still dark. The only light came from the moon and the stars, more stars than Stanley had ever seen before. It seemed he had only just gotten to sleep when Mr. Pendanski came in and woke everyone up.

Using all his might, he brought the shovel back down onto the dry lake bed. The force stung his hands but made no impression on the earth. He wondered if he had a defective shovel. He glanced at Zero, about fifteen feet away, who scooped out a shovelful of dirt and dumped it on a pile that was already almost a foot tall.

Which event is the first chronological event of this passage?

Mr. Pendanski wakes everyone up.
Stanley sees the moon and the stars.
Stanley’s hands feel the sting of the blow.
The shovel feels heavy in Stanley’s hands.

Announcer two: ladies and gentlemen, following on the news given in our bulletin a moment ago, the government meteorological bureau has requested the large observatories of the country to keep an astronomical watch on any further disturbances occurring on the planet mars. due to the unusual nature of this occurrence, we have arranged an interview with noted astronomer professor pierson, who will give us his views on the event. in a few moments we will take you to the princeton observatory at princeton, new jersey. we return you until then to the music of ramón raquello and his orchestra. the passage is from the transcript of the radio adaptation of the war of the worlds by h. g. wells. instead of including expert interviews, h. g. wells uses a narrator to tell about an alien invasion that occurred a few years earlier. by including expert interviews, how does the radio broadcast change the story most effectively? o.a. it puts the story in the past tense, increasing its personal tone. o o b. it makes the broadcast sound more like a fictional story. o o c. it makes the broadcast sound like a news report. o d. it makes the story sound less believable by changing who presents the story's details.