Manuel feels like he is ready for his test in biology. He has studied all week and has gotten ten hours of sleep the night before the test. The day of the test, he eats only pancakes and leaves early for the exam. Before the exam starts, he takes a couple of deep breaths and “sees” himself doing well on the test. When the test begins, however, he has trouble concentrating. When he hands in his test, he believes that he didn’t do as well on the test as he could have.

Which is the most likely reason for Manuel not doing as well on his test as he thought he would?

He is not relaxed.
He has not eaten a balanced breakfast.
He is not prepared for the test.
He is tired.