4. What effect does the repetition of the last 2 lines have on the overall poem?
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A The repetition places particular emphasis on these
lines and thus suggests a deeper interpretation than
simple rest
B The repetition is only there to solidify the stanza with
one end rhyme (ie, deep, keep, and sleep).
OC The repetition emphasizes the speaker's contradictory
exhauthion and reluctance to leave the woods,
D D The repetition adds to the dreamy, almost trance-like
atmosphere of the poem, implying that speaker may
not be in the woods at all

Explanation:

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Repetition is a technique that many poets use to great effect. Some of the reasons poets use repetition are to enhance the lyricism of the poem, to create cohesion within the poem, and to reinforce the meaning of the poem. Two specific types of repetition used in poetry are a refrain and anaphora. A refrain repeats words between stanzas; anaphora repeats the same words at the beginning of subsequent sentences or clauses. In Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem "The Charge of the Light Brigade," he uses both types of repetition to create the three effects noted.

In stanza 1, the words "half a league" are repeated three times in succession. This is a type of anaphora. This repeating phrase increases the lyricism of the poem, that is, it makes an appealing sound to our ears. Because the phrase has a special rhythm, called dactylic, it is especially pleasing. This same rhythm is repeated in each stanza, lending cohesion to the poem, helping it hold together as a unit. The dactylic rhythm gives the feeling of riding horseback, and that reinforces the meaning of the poem. To repeat "half a league" three times helps the reader get the feeling of being a cavalryman on horseback getting closer and closer to to desired destination.

In stanza 3, the words "cannon to right of them, / Cannon to left of them, / Cannon in front of them" are mirrored by the similar but slightly different words at the beginning of stanza 5: "cannon to right of them, / Cannon to left of them, / Cannon behind them." Again, this is anaphora. The dactylic rhythm and anaphora continue to be pleasing to the ear while connecting the stanzas to each other. Here the repetition reinforces the meaning of being surrounded by the Russian artillery that bordered three sides of the field the brigade was charging across. The repetition makes readers feel as if they are in the middle of the battle, too. Imagine just saying, "They were surrounded on three sides while charging down the hill." That conveys the meaning, but not the feeling, of being in the battle. The use of repetition allows the reader to enter into the scene emotionally and with the five senses.

The anaphora at the beginning of several stanzas balances out with the refrain at the end of each stanza that refers to the "six hundred" in one way or another. This again enhances the lyric quality of the poem while tying the stanzas and the entire poem together. Thus repetition is a key technique Tennyson uses to immortalize a battle that otherwise may have been lost in the pages of history.

what: when quoting a source, use the author’s words verbatim, or word-for-word. this means you shouldn’t change any grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc. put quotations around the words to tell your reader where the quote begins and where it ends.

you also need to acknowledge the author. for example, if using mla format for your research paper, you should have in-text citations with the author’s name and page number listed at the end of each quote.

when: use quotations to provide concrete examples to support your claims. using direct quotations is a great way to build your credibility on the subject. it’s also a good idea to quote your source when the author states things in a powerful way. if you think he or she said it best, then use the exact words to share the ideas.

example: in the short story “a jury of her peers”, mrs. hale compares mrs. wright to her caged bird, saying “she—come to think of it, she was kind of like a bird herself. real sweet and pretty, but kind of timid and—fluttery. how—she—did—change” (glaspell).

paraphrasing

what: paraphrasing differs from quoting because you restate the passage in your own words. since you don’t use the author’s words, you don’t need to use quotation marks. however, you still need to acknowledge the author for his or her ideas.

when paraphrasing a text, you should communicate the full meaning of the text; don’t change the meaning. it can be a condensed version of the text, or it could end up being longer than the source it’s paraphrasing.

when: you use paraphrasing when you take notes, or explain a chart or diagram to someone. paraphrasing highlight the important parts of a larger text. it also allows you to simplify the ideas for your readers.

example:

original: “it was no ordinary thing that called her away–it was probably further from ordinary than anything that had ever happened in dickson county. but what her eye took in was that her kitchen was in no shape for leaving: her bread all ready for mixing, half the flour sifted and half unsifted” (glaspell).

paraphrase: as mrs. hales walks around mrs. wright’s home, she notices that the kitchen is in disarray as if she was in the middle of baking bread (glaspell).