Suddenly he remembered a famous pharaoh whose name appeared in ancient Greek chronicles and also in the Biblical Book of Exodus: Rameses, or Ramesses. Based on the context clues you identified in the passage, what is most likely the definition of "cartouche”?

a gun cartridge
an oval shield used for protection
an oval figure that encloses a ruler’s name, like a nameplate
a reddish, yellow-brown color