How can text features help the reader delineate an author's argument?

Iam for the "immediate, unconditional, and universal" enfranchisement of the black man, in ev [loud applause.] without this, his liberty is a mockery; without this, you might as well almost slavery for his condition; for in fact, if he is not the slave of the individual master, he is the slay liberty as a privilege, not as a right. he is at the mercy of the mob, and has no means of protec how does the repetition of the phrase "without this" support the paragraph's argument? it reinforces the idea that without equality in the us, the idea of a free society is a joke. it suggests that a free society is possible, with or without equal rights for all people. it indicates that douglass would be content without material possessions or status. it proposes that slavery will not be abolished in the us without the support of all citizens.

His is a verbal or oral response to an argument presenting an opposite viewpoint. slanted wordstabloid thinkingappeal to authoritybandwagoncard stacking generalityintertextual referencesname callingplain folks tactics

What is the primary theme of ha jin’s “a decade”?