How do Hundert’s description of his former students develop a central idea of the text?

Writers try to let us know what is central to their writing. when we notice words such as "meanwhile," "afterward," "before," or "previously," an author is letting us know the order in which events happen. a paragraph that mostly uses these key words is arranged in what structural form?

According to the speaker, decisions in west african villages are made through discussions led by heroic nobles wise historians elected representatives appointed chiefs

The process in which applications are reviewed based on academic performance completion of rigorous course work and extracurricular activities is called