Item 4 Question 1
Part A

What is the author's viewpoint in "These Crows Almost Died Out Before Scientists Discovered They Use Tools"?

The way that crows and humans use tools is very similar.

The discovery of an animal that uses tools is an important event.

Of the animals that use tools, crows are most skilled.

Rutz may have found additional bird species that use tools if he had expanded his study.
Question 2
Part B

How is the viewpoint in Part A conveyed in the text?

by explaining that studying tool use in animals could lead to finding a connection to tool use in humans

by stating that Rutz was reluctant to search for bird species in remote areas because of the risk

by comparing crows' behaviors with tools to behaviors in other tool-using species

by describing how both crows and young children are naturally curious at birth

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

can i see the painting?