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1- Attack ads often form part of negative campaigning or smear campaigns, and in large or well-financed campaigns, may be disseminated via mass media. An attack ad will generally unfairly criticize an opponent's political platform, usually by pointing out its faults. Often the ad will simply make use of innuendo, based on opposition research. candidates use them because Negative ads do inspire people to seek out more information about the issues.  they work so well because they inspire people

We are emotionally wired to pay attention to negative information.

2- In the United States, liberals are referred to as the left or left-wing and conservatives are referred to as the right or right-wing.

3- a person (such as a political aide) responsible for ensuring that others interpret an event from a particular point of view

4-  idk

Explanation: