The splashing of the water indicated that there were fishes iin the pond. What type of figure of speech ?

What functions as a reflexive pronoun in the sentence the professor herself wanted to attend the conference, but it was cancelled when she and several other presenters had to excuse themselves

To meet the needs of commuters in the industrial age, city planners implemented the use of phonographs. provided more horses and carriages. borrowed technology from railroads. constructed new telephone lines.

Which is a theme in “young goodman brown” ?