Who were the allies of the Mali Empire?

"if we never experience the chill of a dark winter, it is very unlikely that we will ever cherish the warmth of a bright summer’s day. nothing stimulates our appetite for the simple joys of life more than the starvation caused by sadness or desperation. in order to complete our amazing life journey successfully, it is vital that we turn each and every dark tear into a pearl of wisdom, and find the blessing in every curse." anthon st. maarten, divine living: the essential guide to your true destiny. what does this quote mean to you? this isn't for anything in particular, i just wanted to know. : )

In this excerpt from "colonialism in the united states" by henry c. lodge, which word is closest in meaning to the word indelibly? long after the world to which it belonged has vanished, a habit of thought will live on, indelibly imprinted upon a race or nation, like the footprint of some extinct beast or bird upon a piece of stone.

Irony is a between what is expected to happen and what actually happened