Read the quotation from Justice John Marshall Harlan in his Plossy v. Forguson dissent in 1896. "Our Constitution is color blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens.
The views Harlan expressed in this quotation were
later adopted by the Supreme Court in the Brown v Board of Education decision
O similar to the views of the other justices, who ruled against Homer Plessy.
o immediately adopted by southern states to justify the end of Jim Crow laws.
O used to justify the "separate but equal" doctrine and continued segregation

what: when quoting a source, use the author’s words verbatim, or word-for-word. this means you shouldn’t change any grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc. put quotations around the words to tell your reader where the quote begins and where it ends.

you also need to acknowledge the author. for example, if using mla format for your research paper, you should have in-text citations with the author’s name and page number listed at the end of each quote.

when: use quotations to provide concrete examples to support your claims. using direct quotations is a great way to build your credibility on the subject. it’s also a good idea to quote your source when the author states things in a powerful way. if you think he or she said it best, then use the exact words to share the ideas.

example: in the short story “a jury of her peers”, mrs. hale compares mrs. wright to her caged bird, saying “she—come to think of it, she was kind of like a bird herself. real sweet and pretty, but kind of timid and—fluttery. how—she—did—change” (glaspell).

paraphrasing

what: paraphrasing differs from quoting because you restate the passage in your own words. since you don’t use the author’s words, you don’t need to use quotation marks. however, you still need to acknowledge the author for his or her ideas.

when paraphrasing a text, you should communicate the full meaning of the text; don’t change the meaning. it can be a condensed version of the text, or it could end up being longer than the source it’s paraphrasing.

when: you use paraphrasing when you take notes, or explain a chart or diagram to someone. paraphrasing highlight the important parts of a larger text. it also allows you to simplify the ideas for your readers.

example:

original: “it was no ordinary thing that called her away–it was probably further from ordinary than anything that had ever happened in dickson county. but what her eye took in was that her kitchen was in no shape for leaving: her bread all ready for mixing, half the flour sifted and half unsifted” (glaspell).

paraphrase: as mrs. hales walks around mrs. wright’s home, she notices that the kitchen is in disarray as if she was in the middle of baking bread (glaspell).

the opening scene of "sweat" exposes the great emotional charge of the story. it shows the violence and abuse that dyes the marriage between delia jones and skyes.

skyes decides to terrorize his wife by pulling a bull whip (which resembles a snake), knowing that she is terrified of those animals. skyes laughs cruelly at her and kicks the laundry with which delia has been working hard, telling her to get rid of it. skyes also comments on her religious manners, telling his wife how ridiculous they are. delia reacts by threatening skyes with her frying pan, generating even more conflict

he figures out he needs mental