Which revision corrects Sam’s error in the use of dashes to set off a clause in sentence 4? a The longhorns had been skittish, but Johnny Chillers, who was named for the old Chillers trail, sang to them—whenever they started to spook—to calm them down. b The longhorns had been skittish, but Johnny Chillers—who was named for the old Chillers trail sang to them—whenever they started to spook to calm them down. c The longhorns had been skittish, but Johnny Chillers—who was named for the old Chillers trail—sang to them whenever they started to spook to calm them down. d The longhorns had been skittish—but Johnny Chillers—who was named for the old Chillers trail, sang to them whenever they started to spook to calm them down.

c The longhorns had been skittish, but Johnny Chillers—who was named for the old Chillers trail—sang to them whenever they started to spook to calm them down.

Explanation:

The best revision that corrects Sam's error in the use of dashes to set off a clause is option C because it correctly separates the group of words which indicates a pause to emphasize that what Johnny Chillers was named after.

An em dash is used to show a pause and are also used to separate groups of words and their usage can be interchanged with commas or hyphens.

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).

not concrete, existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence