Describe the two main Victorian theories of how diseases were spread, and explain how these are different from modern germ theory.

Answer + Explanation:

Basic forms of germ theory were proposed in the late Middle Ages by physicians including Ibn Sina in 1025, Ibn Khatima and Ibn al-Khatib in the 14th century, Girolamo Fracastoro in 1546, and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in 1762. However, such views were held in disdain in Europe, where Galen's miasma theory remained dominant among scientists and doctors. By the early nineteenth century, smallpox vaccination was commonplace in Europe

The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century, and it is no longer accepted as a scientific theory of disease. It held that diseases such as cholera, chlamydia infection, or the Black Death were caused by a miasma (μίασμα, Ancient Greek: "pollution"), a noxious form of "bad air" emanating from rotting organic matter. Miasma was considered to be a poisonous vapor or mist filled with particles from decomposed matter (miasmata) that was identifiable by its foul smell.

Side Note:

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the african society basically suffered the consequences of colonization and apartheid directly attacking the black people, first, during the colonialism and its main idea which which "white people" had better rights, affecting   them principally in the right to establish black people in their territories, access to quality education and health services and took away any civil right even to the black people to feel they have the same opportunities as the settlers.