Based on what you know about America in the 1700s, how would colonists react to Edwards's
sermon? Would they find it frightening, hopeful, or
both?

true. the definition explains it: a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. this is a dictionary definition that i have looked up in a dictionary.

i think the answer is c. she can't feel happy because things are moving too quickly.

the dog listens to mr miller

i think that it is (line 11)