Select the correct answer. In the following passage from Great Astronomers by Robert Stewall Ball, the author states that he will trace the developments in astronomy from the time of Ptolemy to the nineteenth century. Based on the content and style of the excerpt, what kind of audience did Ball primarily have in mind when he was writing this book? The history of astronomy thus becomes inseparable from the history of the great men to whose labours its development is due. In the ensuing chapters we have endeavoured to sketch the lives and the work of the great philosophers, by whose labours the science of astronomy has been created. We shall commence with Ptolemy, who, after the foundations of the science had been laid by Hipparchus, gave to astronomy the form in which it was taught throughout the Middle Ages. We shall next see the mighty revolution in our conceptions of the universe which are associated with the name of Copernicus. We then pass to those periods illumined by the genius of Galileo and Newton, and afterwards we shall trace the careers of other more recent discoverers, by whose industry and genius the boundaries of human knowledge have been so greatly extended. Our history will be brought down late enough to include some of the illustrious astronomers who laboured in the generation which has just passed away. A. students specializing in the study of astronomy B. people with a casual interest in astronomy C. scientists and mathematicians working with astronomers D. geologists and cartographers

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

gotta give more details on question

franklin attempting to increase tolerance towards native americans was the largest difference betwixt franklin’s "remarks concerning the savages of north america" and rowlandson’s the narrative of the captivity and restoration of mrs. rowlandson. franklin promoted acceptance regarding the beliefs of the native americans. on the other hand, rowlandson’s view towards the native american people was negative.

the correct answer for first question is a: can be used as both a verb and a noun.