What is the term for a word or word part that holds a word's basic meaning?

Root is the correct answer

Explanation:

A root word has no prefix or suffix — it's the most basic part of a word. ... In linguistics, a root word holds the most basic meaning of any word.

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Have a nice day

if you read the story there are characters like the neighbor, son, wife, and him himself.

how to separate a subordinate clause from the main clause