In what way is language arbitrary?

This might depend, you see other regions use language by their judgment on what they think it should be called. For example, we call our ducks; ducks, but say in Mexico they call the duck's el pato, so we differ by our judgment so Yes, language is arbitrary.

Explanation:

the personification of the word prudence d) it effectively enhances the logos and ethos of the argument.

logos means appeal to the logic or reasoning of the people.

ethos means appeal to the credibility of the argument, that it is worth listening to and acting upon.

the speech this question is referring to is president kennedy's special message to the congress on urgent national needs, may 25, 1961

kennedy responds in a very direct and concrete way to those thinking that communism is a positive system:

"yet their aggression is more often concealed than open. they have fired no missiles; and their troops are seldom seen. they send arms, agitators, aid, technicians and propaganda to every troubled area. but where fighting is required, it is usually done by others--by guerrillas striking at night, by assassins striking alone--assassins who have taken the lives of four thousand civil officers in the last twelve months in vietnam alone--by subversives and saboteurs and insurrectionists, who in some cases control whole areas inside of independent nations." (kennedy)

president kennedy presents communism as cowardly, as a hidden and treacherous weapon that strikes from the shadows like thieves, he represents the system as not even being capable of showing and open and overt attack or confrontation. to finish up the response, he expresses that the system attacks even a country's idependence and freedom.