Whic group of words from each sentence is a gerund phrase. usingenergy-efficient light bulbs has been helping people to cut down on waste.
a. using energy-efficient light bulbs
b. has been helpingpeople to cut down on waste
c. helping people
d. to cut down on waste

the excerpt from chapter 2 of "animal farm", by george orwell that is an example of foreshadowing is "these three (snowball, napoleon, and squealer) had elaborated old major's teachings into a complete system of thought to which they gave the name of animalism." animal farm is an allegory of how czarist russia developed into communist russia with all its corruption. old major's teachings represent marx's theories turned into communism, animalism, by the three pigs. this foreshadows the oppression and corruption that will follow this revolt.

where is the

i’m pretty sure it is the second