One way to describe the subject of a sentence is to use a

the service industry in the united states grew in the late 1800s. what was one effect of that growth?

the number of people with jobs in factories as unskilled workers decreased.

the number of people with jobs in factories as unskilled workers increased.

the middle class grew as people took jobs as clerks, lawyers, and teachers.

the middle class shrank as people left jobs as clerks, lawyers, and teachers.

in "people in peace, not profit and war" chrisholm uses inductive reasoning for her argument against defense spending by stating that the new administration, like most americans, wanted to invest in social objectives, so they must not want to prioritize defense spending. mr. nixon said "we can delay no longer in launching new approaches to the problem that beset them", but chrisholm points out that the programs were delayed anyways.