Preface About 10 years ago, I was training my new yellow Labrador retriever, Spunky. The method of training involved using a clicker. The sound would signal to Spunky that he correctly obeyed instructions. The clicker worked like a charm. There were no emotional “good dog” or “no” comments. I would just click to acknowledge that Spunky did as asked. Amazed at the effect, I wondered if I could apply the same or a similar method to the athletes on the track and field team I coached. After I explained to the team why I wanted to try the method—to mark proper form—I began my experiment. What follows is a description of my experiment and the often astonishing results of removing emotional comments from training in favor of a nonjudgmental marker. What information does the author provide in the preface? background information on yellow Labradors and an explanation of track and field background information on clicker training and an idea of what will be presented in the book background information on clicker training and a comparison of dogs and runners background information on the author’s coaching career and what will be presented in the book

Read this passage: many manufacturers prefer plastic as a material for containers because it can be molded into many shapes. but plastic is not very strong. it must be fused with glass or steel for strength. it is also not very durable. even the strongest plastic can break under enough pressure. the biggest disadvantage to using plastic is that it does not decompose. while plastic can be recycled, doing so is tedious and difficult. while it may be more expensive and difficult to work with, aluminum is a much stronger building material with far greater tensile strength. it conducts electricity because it is metal. best of all, aluminum is very easy to recycle. even if it is thrown away, it decomposes much more quickly than most manufacturing materials. how does the compare-and-contrast organizational pattern of the passage support the author's purpose? a. the passage gradually leads up to the point about decomposition to inform the reader about the importance of recycling plastics. b. the passage lists the advantages and disadvantages of each material to make a case for the use of plastic and not aluminum in containers. c. the passage begins with a description of plastic's problems in order to call attention to the good qualities of aluminum. d. the passage shows the superiority of aluminum in order to make a case for the production of stronger plastics.

When a text is organized according to what happened first in the story in time order, this is known as what kind of structure?

This is a dominant and controlling argument