Three-year-old Tommy has graduated to a "big-boy" bed and now has begun to get out of bed at night seeking his parents' attention. Once in a while when he gets up, they let him stay up and watch TV with him, and other times they make him go right back to bed. Tommy's bad habit of getting out of bed continues to persist for a long time. This example illustrates:

intermittent reinforcement making it difficult to extinguish a behavior.                            

Explanation:

Throughout behaviourism, Intermittent Reinforcement refers to the training method that does not deliver a reward or penalty (reinforcement) each time the required reaction is implemented.    

Gambling acts as an indicator of sporadic strengthening. When you play a slot machine, you don't win every time or you win the same sum-it wouldn't be entertaining or enjoyable. The feedback is sporadic and produces a constructive and euphoric neural reaction that may contribute to gamble obsession in certain situations.  

i think the literacy device is "it's frozen head"

i think it may be b, i'm not exactly too sure on this. but b seems to make more sense.