Rife (1984) argued that stress increases the desire to affiliate ONLY when .a. being with others has the potential to reduce the negative impact of the situation b. the stress is embarassing in nature c. in collectivist cultures d. with people who are experiencing the same type of stressful situation, but not with people who have successfully overcome the same stressful situation

a. being with others has the potential to reduce the negative impact of the situation.

Explanation: affiliate means to connect to a certain group. Usually when you are stressed you are likely to go partying or meet up with the friends only if you feel that being with them will make you feel a little bit less stressed. If they have there is a potential that they may make things worse you are likely not to affiliate.

answer

answer: a: they can affect the author’s perspective and in turn the theme and purpose for the writing.

the author's background and time period greatly affect the text that the author produces. this is because we are all a reflection of our time period and background. depending on where and when we were born, we will find some questions more important than others. for example, if we are a wealthy person born in medieval times, we will most likely be interested in courtly love and stories of knights and honour. however, if we are born in the 20th century in africa, we might instead focus on colonialism and its effects on the newly liberated countries. the theme and the purpose of writing are both affected by these conditions.

explanation: