Which is an example of the appeal-to-emotion fallacy?

a. dave asked the officer to not give him a speeding ticket because he was on his way to see his mother who was very ill in the hospital.

b. dave asked the officer to not give him a speeding ticket because he was new to the area and unaware of the speed limit.

c. dave asked the officer not to give him a speeding ticket because everybody else on the same road was speeding, and only he was unlucky enough to get caught.

d. dave asked the officer to not give him a speeding ticket because whenever he drove within the speed limit, he was too late for hospital visiting hours.