Can -ing be used as an adverb

This passage from chapter 4 of story of my life is an example of which story of plot

Write a literary analysis essay about an intercalary chapter of the grapes of wrath. your essay should examine how the structure and language support the overall purpose, and it should include specific examples from the text to support your claim. your essay should include the following elements: • a claim that takes a clear stand on the author's purpose, supported by main points • evidence from the text that supports your claim and main points • commentary that the reader understand how your evidence should be interpreted • an introduction, body and conclusion that organize the content of your essay

•your english teacher has asked you to write a short three-page research paper. which topic is the most narrow? a. water pollution b. how lake pollution affects fish c. how water pollution affects seal d. pollution