Empathy leads to compassion, which is one of the main motivators of altruism. Another, less flattering motivator of altruism is fear. In this case, altruism is an ego defence, a form of sublimation in which a person copes with his problems and anxieties by stepping outside himself and helping others.

Which statement best describes the effect of the metaphor on the excerpt's meaning? o a. it compares the sloshing liquid to a river of water able to push apart the sidewalk o b. it makes the frozen crystals seem like friends to the city to contrast with what a deceitful foe they are. o c. it compares the frozen crystals to delicately lacy snowflakes having arn unexpected strength o d. it likens h20 molecules to hexagonal crystals, which are actually larger than people imagine.