Roberta is 45 years old and has always had a hard time speaking her opinion. A psychologist would explain that she has developed this way because her parents would not listen to or value her opinion when she was a child. Which theory of development reviewed in class best fit this explanation..

Autonomy v. shame and guilt.

Explanation:

The Psychosocial theory of development was developed by Erik Erikson. The theory suggests that a person is derived by a need for motivation to achieve something in their life. The theory is divided into eight stages; successful completion of each stage leads a child to develop a healthy personality whereas failure leads to develop a feeling of unworthiness.

In the given case, Roberta has developed a personality of shame and guilt.

Autonomy v. shame and guilt is the second stage in the theory that occurs between the age of 1-3 years. At this stage, a child begins to learn that they can get a result for their actions and begin to develop a sense of independence. Successful completion of this stage develops autonomy in the child, whereas failure leads to shame and guilt. The parents who would scold a child or not listen or value the opinion of the child lead their children to develop low self-esteem as in the case of Roberta.

So, the correct answer is autonomy v. shame and guilt.

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