The article "Wired: Energy Drinks, Jock Identity, Masculine Norms, and Risk Taking" (K. Miller, Journal of American College Health, 2008:481—189) reports that in a sample of 413 male college students, the average number of energy drinks consumed per month was 2.49 with a standard deviation of 4.87, and in a sample of 382 female college students, the average was 1.22 with a standard deviation of 3.24. Can you conclude that the mean number of energy drinks is greater for male students than for female students?

I think you can

Explanation:

Taking in acount that the mean is the average of the numbers here presented we can safely draw the conclusion that, when male students consume the average of 2.49 energy drinks and their female counterparts only 1.22 - the higher standard deviation of the male students only means that their numbers are more spread out - the male students consume more energy drinks.

you didnt put the link on, so i cant read the paraphrase

to and without are prepositions, so a, b, and d are prepositional phrases. the adverb phrase is c, about the surprise.

explanation: