read the passage.
tania is one of the smartest people in her biology class. everyone calls her the einstein of high school science.
which figure of speech, or literary device, does the author use in the passage?
allusion
simile
personification
extended metaphor

The literary device used by the author in this passage is Allusion.

Allusion is used to make an indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea that has a historical or cultural significance. It does not make a precise description of the person or thing but it is expected that the reader possesses the sufficient knowledge to understand the importance of this reference.  

because each is self-sufficient.  

- "the answers are a and b.  

when cullen speaks of planting while others reap, and standing "abject and mute," he is speaking about the racial injustices present in american society. as these injustices have changed over time, the american identity  has also shifted. those changes are, in turn, reflected in american literature."