Why did phillis Wheatley write “on being brought from Africa to America”

Which of these can an adverbial clause modify?

What is the effect of the author's choice of the word loathsome rather than hateful in this sentence from the count of monte cristo? two soldiers were accordingly sent for, and the inspector descended a stairway, so foul, so humid, so dark, as to be loathsome to sight, smell, and respiration. it reveals that the unpleasant aspects of the stairway are manmade. it stresses the disgusting, offensive nature of the stairway. it suggests that the soldiers are used to the place and do not hate it. it implies that the effects of the stairway are felt only by the inspector.

If the author of the gift of the magi had made the reader aware of the gift jim had purchased in the beginning of the story , this would be an example of