Determine whether each passage is an argument, explanation, or something else entirely. If it contains an argument, identify its premises and conclusion. A single passage may contain more than one argument. A passage containing an argument might contain statements that are not part of that argument. If you think the passage could be both an argument and an explanation, briefly say why.

The passages mentioned are not listed in the question. I will give a clear distinction between arguments and explanations, the knowledge of this will help in providing answers to the question.

An explanation is an attempt to provide a cause or reason for a conclusion. It helps to provide reasons why a conclusion is made.

For example in the conclusion, "John will fail his exam", the writer can give a simple explanation to support his claim.

"The reason why i believe John will fail his exam is that he has not prepared well enough for it." is a simple explanation to support the above conclusion.

An argument is an attempt to provide an evidence in support of a conclusion.

This is done when the response of your audience is that of doubt an unbelief.

recent news about two years ago indicates that a polish forestry student by chance unearthed at a depth of about 40cm (16 inches), during digging in a damp polish forest he found a 13-page manuscript into a thermos flask.

greek jew marcel nadjari was a aischwitz slave who witnessed how the nazi's built big death chambers and crematoriums and told how he was forced to escort fellow jews to the gas chambers. he accounts on this manuscript how the nazi's disguised this chambers to look like showers. also, he describes this place as a process of extermination from the chambers to the trains arriving to take the bodies.

this labor, by slow prudence to make mild.   c. ability to govern well