In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. determine the type of plagiarism.

original source material:
we shall take the simpleminded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make. it exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality (whatever that might mean). a theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. it must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.
references:
hawking, s., & mlodinow, l. (2008). a briefer history of time ( new york, ny: bantam.

student version (written in 2002):
hawking and mlodinow (2008) identify two requirements for evaluating the quality of a theory: (1) its ability to accurately describe what is observed based on the model associated with the theory; (2) its ability to make accurate predictions about what will be observed in the future. these two requirements form the basis for comparing one theory to another.
references:
hawking, s., & mlodinow, l. (2008). a briefer history of time ( new york, ny: bantam.

which of the following is true for the student version above?

a. word-for-word plagiarism
b. paraphrasing plagiarism
c. this is not plagiarism