Is a reasoning based on false or invalid arguments.

Fallacious reasoning.

Explanation:

Fallacious reasoning also known as a fallacy is described as the reasoning based on faulty or invalid arguments that makes it deceptive. Such arguments weaken or invalidate your claim due to false logic which may affect the credibility of your argument adversely. These fallacies are however often employed by authors deliberately as a tool to either manipulate or convince the readers to believe in the claim. The other times these fallacies occur involuntarily due to ignorance. Thus, 'fallacious reasoning' is the reasoning that is built on false or invalid arguments.

in the sonnet 116 written by william shakespeare we can analyze the symbolism and say that he reuses the idea of love like a guiding star for the sailor.

reading through the poem we find out that in the line 7 there is a metaphor for the lover that is heading through the life events by love itself .

explanation:

the answer to your question is d because the clause conveys the tone of the man in the excerpt, which is arrogant and cocky. hope that .