This is the substitution of an agreeable or non-offensive phrase for one that might be unpleasant or offensive. 7) this is a direct comparison of two things, in which they are said to be (in some sense) the same thing. 9) this is the contrast between appearance and reality or what is expected and what actually happens. - down 1) language that goes beyond the literal meanings of words to create special effects or feelings is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ language. 2) this is extreme exaggeration used in a literary work. 3) this is a phrase in common use that can not be understood by literal or ordinary meanings. 4) this is a comparison of two unlike things using the terms "like" or "as". 6) a word or phrase that is not meant to be taken literally but figuratively is called a _ _ _ _ _ _ of speech. 8) this is a humorous word play that usually is based on several meanings of one word.