Achildren's shoe designer conducts research on how a child's age affects his or her shoe size. based on a graph of the data collected, the designer found there to be a relationship between a child's age and his or her shoe size.

which of the following is a valid statement for the situation?

there is no correlation between a child's age and his or her shoe size.

a child's shoe size is correlated to, but not caused by, the child's age.

the age of a child is a cause of the shoe size of the child.

no conclusion can be drawn about the correlation or causation of the change in a child's shoe size and the change in a child's age.