1.a verbal form containing interrupting modifiers between to and the verb parallelism 2. a modifier that is not close enough to the word it modifies split infinitive 3. the principal that words, phrases, and clauses joined by conjunctions need to be of the same grammatical type misplaced modifier 4. an adjective modifier (usually a phrase or clause) lacking a clear connection to the element it is intended to modify; often the element is not present in the sentence dangling modifier 5. a word, phrase, or clause that logically modifies more than one element in the sentence, producing ambiguity squinting modifier.

1. split infinitive: a verbal form containing interrupting modifiers between to and the verb.

2. misplaced modifier: a modifier that is not close enough to the word it modifies.

3. parallelism: the principal that words, phrases, and clauses joined by conjunctions need to be of the same grammatical type.

4. dangling modifier: an adjective modifier (usually a phrase or clause) lacking a clear connection to the element it is intended to modify; often the element is not present in the sentence.

5. squinting modifier: a word, phrase, or clause that logically modifies more than one element in the sentence, producing ambiguity.

Explanation:

A split infinitive consists of an adverb or adverbial phrase between a full infinitive form, such as to boldly go and to beautifully dance.

A misplaced modifier is a word or phrase that is distant from the word it modifies. For instance: I talked to the man with fear.

Parallelism refers to sequences of words and sentences with a similar grammatical contruction and that correspond grammatically, such as: Last night I had dinner, read a book and went to bed.

Dangling modifiers do not clearly reflect which word they modify, usually because the word to modify is not in the sentence. For instance: Studying all night, my dog realized I would leave him alone.

Squinting modifiers are intended to describe two elements in a sentence, although it it not precise which one. As a result, the meaning of the sentence is ambiguous. For example: Running slowly improves your health.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)