(match column a with column b. ) column a
1.
argument:
argument
2.
claim:
claim
3.
counterargument:
counterargument
4.
evidence:
evidence
5.
fallacy:
fallacy
6.
interpretation:
interpretation
7.
justification:
justification
8.
grounds:
grounds
9.
warrant:
warrant
10.
major proposition:
major proposition
11.
minor propositions:
minor propositions
12.
fact:
fact
13.
opinion:
opinion
14.
induction:
induction
15.
deduction:
deduction
column b
column b
a. an alternative interpretation of evidence that challenges rather than supports your claim.
b. defines a claim as being something worth arguing about, that the claim requires some evidence and interpretation in order to be believed, and the claim is not already accepted by likely readers.
c. the evidence and interpretation combined in support of your claim
d. a series of statements intended to justify some opinion; any true argument has at minimum three parts: claim, evidence, and interpretation.
e. a part of the argument that is interpreted in support of the claim. effective evidence needs to be acceptable to the readers without further argument, based on fact, examples, statistics, credible narrative description, or on already-accepted opinions.
f. a process of reasoning by which you develop evidence in order to reach a useful generalization.
g. a weak interpretation of evidence, as opposed to a valid, strong or convincing interpretation. common fallacies include: hasty generalization, faulty or strained analogy, ad hominum, etc.
h. valid conclusion of an argument that derives logically from the major and minor propositions. the logical conclusion is termed the inference, in which you arrive at a decision by reasoning from the previous evidence.
i. a stated or unstated belief, rule, or principle that underlies an argument. a backing is an even broader principle that serves as the foundation for a warrant.
j. an opinion that can be justified by further evidence and interpretation. the term claim usually refers to the main idea, the point, or the thesis that you plan to present in an argument.
k. a process of reasoning that proceeds from the general to the particular.
l. the acknowledgement and handling of opposing viewpoints. you must anticipate opposing viewpoints and counter them effectively in order to convince or persuade readers.
m. a valid opinion is a judgement based on the facts and careful deductive or inductive reasoning.
n. a verifiable statement
o. the bridge you build between accepted evidence and your debatable claim. interpretation is sometimes referred to as the warrant or backing for your argument. effective interpretation includes accurate analogies between evidence and claim, accurate generalizations from evidence, and accurate paraphrases of accepted opinions.
p. the main point of an argument, which is supported by the minor propositions.
q. the reasons you offer in support of the major proposition.