Professor chang has spent years studying human history and social change and developed an abstract, systematic model that explains how as countries become wealthier their cultures shift to become more tolerant and open. this would be an example of

a Theory

Explanation:

A theory is an initial explanation to an event/occurrence  which is made based on an educated guess that can be considered as 'scientifically plausible' . (This means that we can't really hold a theory as fact since it hasn't been scientifically proven. )

The excerpt above fill all requirements of a theory:

1. It tried to explain a certain occurrence (how countries become wealthier their cultures shift to become more tolerant and open )

2. It is an educated guess (It is mentioned that Professor Chang has spent years studying human history and social change , this means that he had at least some level of expertise regarding the subject)

3. But it has not been really proven yet, since Professor Chang hasn't develop a scientific research to test the theory.

what novel are you talking about?

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)